ملخص الانجليزي 1
The Future Simple Tense
(A) Adverbs of time :
Tomorrow – soon – in the future – today – tonight – next+ time ( week – Monday – September – holiday – morning – month – year – summer … etc) – again – the coming + time ( the coming month – week hours – winter – holiday …etc) – after + time ( after two hours – after a week …etc)
(B) The uses to the future simple tense:
It is used to describe an action which will happen in the future
e.g : The Islamic Bank will open a branch in our town next year.(open)
(c) Formation (Rule/ Structure)
1- Affirmative Form (positive):
(a) I , we + shall + infinitive verb
e.g.: Tomorrow I shall fly to Paris after three weeks. (fly)
(b) I, we, you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular + will + infinitive verb
e.g. : It is expected that the weather will be fine tomorrow. (be)
2- Negative form :
(a) I , we + shall+ not (shan’t) + infinitive verb
e.g: We shall not go to London next holiday. (not/go)
(b) I , we ,you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular , plural + will + not(Won’t) + infinitive verb
e.g:
1- According to the weather forecast, tomorrow will not be very cold. (not/be)
2- I Will not come late again. (come)
3- Interrogative form (Question):
(a) Shall + I, we + infinitive………?
e.g : Shall we enter university next year? (enter)
(b) Will + l , we , you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular , plural + will + infinitive verb…?
e.g : Will he travel to London again? (travel)
Present simple
(A) The uses of the present simple:
It is used to describe express :
1- Habits:
Examples:
1- We pray five times a day (pray)
2- She usually visits her grandfather every Friday.(visit)
2- facts and permanent things :
Examples:
1- The river Nile runs through the Sudan and Egypt. (run).
2- The sky is blue. (be).
3- One plus one equals two .(equal)
3- Proverbs and wisdom:
Examples:
1- All that glitters are not gold. (glitter)
2- There is no smoke without fire. (be)
NOTE : uncountable nouns :[ information - equipment -furniture - luggage - baggage]
Example:
1- The equipment of the factories is very expensive.(be)
2- The information we have is not enough. (be)
(B) Adverbs of frequency :
Usually – sometime – always – often – generally – normally – repeatedly – occasionally – rarely – seldom – daily- scarcely – weekly – monthly – yearly – regularly – frequently – habitually – seasonally – every + time (day , night , week , month , Friday , October , holiday , season , winter………., ) – once +a+ time ( once a+ day ) – twice + a + time (twice a week) – three, five……..+a+ times (three times a month , five time a day…..)
(c) Formation (Rule/ structure) :
(1) Affirmative form (positive)
(a) He , she , it , singular +V+s or (es)⇒(ch , sh , ss ,o ,x)
Vowel+ consonant + y ⇒(study) studies
Examples:
1- one of the men always asks for help (ask)
2- She waits for the bus station for half an hour every day. (wait)
(b) I, we , you, they , plural + infinitive verb
Examples:
1- English people raise their hats when greeting others. (raise)
2- We usually drink water every morning. (drink)
(2) Negative form:
(a) I, we , you , they , plural + don’t (do + not ) + infinitive verb
Examples:
1- They don’t spend their holidays here. (not/ spend)
2- We usually don’t watch games. (not/watch)
(b) He, she, it, singular + doesn’t (does +not) + infinitive verb
Examples:
1- Ahmed doesn’t play football every day.(not/play)
2- Fatima doesn’t drink tea very often.(not/drink)
(3) Interrogative form (question):
Example:
1- Do they revise their lessons every day?(revise)
2- Does Mona cook every day?(cook)
3- How often do you visit your relatives?(visit)
(D) Verb' to be' :
The form of the verb' to be' as a main verb in the present simple tense:
Positive form |
Negative form
|
Interrogative form
|
I +am + complement (adj/ n)
e.g.: I am student. we, you, they, plural + are + comp. we are happy He, she, it, singular Un countable noun + is + comp. Hani is a good boy. |
I+ am + not + comp
I am not a teacher We, you, they, plural + are + not (aren’t )+ comp We are not sad He, she, it, singular, Unc n + is + not (isn’t) + comp. |
Am + I + comp.?
Am I a teach? Are + we, you , they , plural + comp…? Are you student? Is + he, she, it, singular, Uncn + comp…? What is the first month of the year? |
(E) Verb to have : ( have / has )
The form of the verb' to have' as a main verb the present simple tens:
Positive form
|
Negative form
|
Interrogative form
|
He, she, it, singular + has + comp |
He, she, it, singular, does not+ have + comp |
Does + he, she, it, singular + have + comp? |
I, we, you, they, plural + have + comp |
I, we, you, they, plural + do not + C |
Do + I, we, you, they, plural + comp? |
(F) Verb’ to do’:
The form of the verb’ to do’ as a main verb in the present simple tense:
Positive form
|
Negative form
|
Interrogative form
|
He, she, it, singular + does + comp |
He, she, it, singular + doesn’t + comp |
Does + he, she, it, signaler + do + comp? |
I, we, you, they, plural + do + comp |
I, we, you, they, plural + don’t + comp |
Do + I, we, you, they, plural + comp? |
The past simple tense
(A) the uses of the past simple tense :
It used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past.
Examples:
My friend went shopping a week age . (go )
My mother made very nice tea yesterday.(make)
(B) Adverbs of time :
Yesterday – time + ago ( a week age – a month ago ) – in the past – last + time ( Monday – year – December – holiday ) – once – upon time – just now
(C) Formation ( Rule / Structure )
(1) Positive form :
ALL subject + past form of the verb
Examples :
1- We watched a football match yesterday .(watch)
2- Ahmed visited his grandmother last Friday .( visit)
(2) Negative form :
All subjects + did + not + infinitive verb
Examples:
1- I didn’t travel to Kassala last holiday.( not / travel)
2- Ali didn’t write his lessons last week .( not / write )
(3) Interrogative form ( Question):
Example:
1- Did you eat fish a year ago ? (eat)
2- Did Fatima clean the house last week ? (clean )
(D) verb’ to be’:
The form of the verb’ to be’ as a main verb in the past simple tense:
Positive form |
Negative form |
Interrogative form |
We , you ,they , plural + were + complement . I, he , she , it , singular + was + complement . |
We , you , they , plural + were + not + complement I, he , she , it , singular + was + not + complement . |
Were + we , you , they , plural + complement ? I, was + he , she , it , singular + complement? |
Example :
1- Last day I was in Bara but tomorrow I will be in Elobied. ( be)
2- When we were young ,our parents made us go early to school.(be)
3- A year ago people were very pleased . (be )
4- A hundred years ago, there was not electricity in Sudan (not / be )
5- Last century there were not many private schools in Sudan (not / be )
6- Were they busy December ?( be )
7- Was he lucky last competition ?( be )
The passive voice
1) The present simple tense:
O + am, is, are + p.p
1- Gum Arabic is found in kordofan .(be/find)
2- TOYOTA vehicles are manufactured by Japanese.(be/manufacture)
2) The past simple Tense :
O+ was . were + p.p
1- Some guava trees were planted by Adam last season. (plant)
2- The book was interested to me yesterday.(interest)
3) The present continuous Tense :
O + am ,is , are + being + p.p
1- All over the world million of trees are being planted by people .(be/plant)
2- Anew factory is being setting by the company over there (set)
4) The past continuous Tense :
O + was ,were + being +p.p
1- The game was being playing by the boys when the power went out.(play)
2- While the lesson were being revising by the students the bell rang .(revise)
5) The present perfect Tense :
O+ has/have +been +p.p
1- The home work has just been done by Mona .(do)
2- The trees have already been planted by them.(plant)
6) The past perfect Tense :
O +had + been +p.p
e.g : The difficult question had been solved by the students before the teacher came .(solve)
7) The future simple tense /modal verbs:
O + will , shall ,can ,must ,may ,would .should ,could ,might +be + p.p
1- Anew branch will be opened . by bank next month. (open)
2- Ageing people must be looked after by the youth .(look after)
Trees For Life
Summary no (1)
In not more than(35) words summarize the advantages of trees / forests or the importance of trees / forests.
Forests resources lead to the development and improvements in our life , they supply us with timber, firewood, fruit, nuts, gum Arabic, they are a source of fodder and medicine , create employment brings hard currency and protect the environment .
Trees For Fuel
Summary no(2)
In not more than (25) explain the ways of saving trees,
We save trees by using fuel-efficient stoves , planting trees which are used for fuel on unused land and replacing the trees we use.
SUFFIXES
Suffixes: are the letters which are added to the end of the words to form new words .
1- Adjectives /Nouns end in(al)
Accident |
Accidental |
Origin |
Original |
Classic |
Classical |
Physic |
Physical |
Commerce |
Commercial |
Refuse |
Refusal |
Dentist |
Dental |
Region |
Regional |
Deny |
Denial |
Survive |
Survival |
Fact |
Factual |
Finance |
Financial |
History |
Historical |
Magic |
Magical |
Occasion |
Occasional |
|
2- Adjectives end in(ous)
Anxiety |
Anxious |
Courage |
Courageous |
Mystery |
Mysterious |
Varity |
Various |
3- Nouns end in(ity or ty)
Accessible |
Accessibility |
Cruel |
Cruelty |
Generous |
Generosity |
Hospital |
Hospitality |
Impure |
Impurity |
Minor |
Minority |
Necessary |
Necessity |
Poor |
Poverty |
Punctual |
Punctuality |
Prosper |
Prosperity |
Pure |
Purity |
Rapid |
Rapidity |
Real |
Reality |
Scare |
Scarcity |
Vary |
Variety |
|
4- Nouns end in(ment)
Advertise |
Advertisement |
Amaze |
Amazement |
Appoint |
Appointment |
Argue |
Argument |
Assign |
Assignment |
Astonish |
Astonishment |
Attach |
Attachment |
Depart |
Department |
Engage |
Engagement |
Enjoy |
Enjoyment |
Establish |
Establishment |
Environ |
Environment |
Judge |
Judgment |
Manage |
Management |
Measure |
Measurement |
Move |
Movement |
Pay |
Payment |
Replace |
Replacement |
Require |
Requirement |
Settle |
Settlement |
5- Nouns end in(th)
Deep |
Depth |
Die |
Died |
Strong |
Strength |
Warm |
Warmth |
Wide |
Width |
Young |
Youth |
6- Adjectives end in(d or ed)
Excite |
Excited |
Exhaust |
Exhausted |
Injure |
Injured |
Require |
Required |
Surprise |
Surprised |
Talent |
Talented |
Plant |
Planted |
|
7- Adjectives end in (ive or tive)
Aggress |
Aggressive |
Argument |
Argumentative |
Create |
Creative |
Detect |
Detective |
Imagine |
Imaginative |
Describe |
Descriptive |
Super |
Superlative |
|
8- Adjective and Nouns end in (y)
Current |
Currency |
Fluent |
Fluency |
Frequent |
Frequency |
Pregnant |
Pregnancy |
Proficient |
Proficiency |
Sufficient |
Sufficiency |
Cloud |
Cloudy |
Dust |
Dusty |
Jealous |
Jealousy |
Mist |
Misty |
Mud |
Muddy |
Risk |
Risky |
Sand |
Sandy |
Sun |
Sunny |
Wind |
Windy |
|
9- Nouns end in (ation or tion )
Civilize |
Civilization |
Describe |
Description |
Determine |
Determination |
Found |
Foundation |
Ferment |
Fermentation |
Examine |
Examination |
Expect |
Expectation |
Exploit |
Exploitation |
Explore |
Exploration |
Imagine |
Imagination |
Modernize |
Modernization |
Observe |
Observation |
Preserve |
Preservation |
Privatize |
Privatization |
organize |
organization |
Recommend |
Recommendation |
Reduce |
Reduction |
Relax |
Relaxation |
Sense |
Sensation |
Separate |
Separation |
10- Nouns end in (ion)
Accommodate |
Accommodation |
Adopt |
Adoption |
Collect |
Collection |
Congratulate |
Congratulation |
Connect |
Connection |
Create |
Creation |
Cultivate |
Cultivation |
Decorate |
Decoration |
Delegate |
Delegation |
Destruct |
Destruction |
Digest |
Digestion |
Distribute |
Distribution |
Excavate |
Excavation |
Generate |
Generation |
Graduate |
Graduation |
Infect |
Infection |
Migrate |
Migration |
Pollute |
Pollution |
Promote |
Promotion |
Situate |
Situation |
Suggest |
Suggestion |
|
11- Nouns end in (dom)
Bore |
Boredom |
Free |
Freedom |
King |
Kingdom |
Wise |
Wisdom |
12- Nouns end in (ship)
Friend |
Friendship |
Relation |
Relationship |
Hard |
Hardship |
Citizen |
Citizenship |
Member |
Membership |
Owner |
Ownership |
13- Adjectives end in ( ful )
Grate |
Grateful |
Joy |
Joyful |
Right |
Rightful |
Truth |
Truthful |
Revenge |
Revengeful |
Skill |
Skillful |
Thank |
Thankful |
|
Prefixes
Prefixes : the prefixes are the letters witch are added to the beginning of the words .
1- im :not →opposite
Patient |
Impatient |
Possible |
Impossible |
Polite |
Impolite |
Pure |
Impure |
2- ir :not →opposite
Responsible |
Irresponsible |
Regular |
Irregular |
Relevant |
Irrelevant |
Removable |
Irremovable |
3- un :not → opposite
Able |
Unable |
A voidable |
Unavoidable |
Bearable |
Unbearable |
Beatable |
Unbeatable |
Changeable |
Unchangeable |
Clean |
Unclean |
Clear |
Unclear |
Comfortable |
Uncomfortable |
Controlled |
Uncontrolled |
Conscious |
Unconscious |
Cover |
Uncover |
Countable |
Uncountable |
Dress |
Undress |
Employment |
Unemployment |
Friendly |
Unfriendly |
Happy |
Unhappy |
Interesting |
Uninteresting |
Lock |
Unlock |
common |
Uncommon |
Seen |
Unseen |
Suitable |
Unsuitable |
Sure |
Unsure |
Used |
Unused |
Wrap |
Unwrap |
Out Lines
Chapter(1) Trees
By the end of this chapter students should be able to:
-use the formations of The Future Simple Tense which is used to describe an action that will happen in the future.
-use the formations of The Present Simple Tense which is used to describe :habits, facts, permanent, proverbs and wisdom.
-use the formations of The Past Simple Tense which is used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past.
-form and use The Passive Voice.
-Read for understanding, know the importance or advantages of forests and trees and why do we should take care of them.
-Learn how to write summary.
-write summary about the importance /advantages of trees or forests.
-Know why is gum Arabic important to the Sudan.
-Know the ways of saving trees and summarize the ways of saving trees .
-form nouns and adjectives using suffixes (endings) such as: ation – tion-ion- ment – ity – th – y – ive – tive – al – d/ed – ous -.
-write composition using notes about the importance of trees .
– form or explore nouns and adjectives using the suffixes : dom- ship- ful-form or
form or explore words using the prefixes: im-ir-un.
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