ملخص الانجليزي 1

The Future Simple Tense

  (A)   Adverbs of time :

          Tomorrow – soon – in the future – today – tonight – next+ time ( week – Monday – September – holiday – morning – month – year – summer … etc) – again – the coming + time ( the coming month – week hours – winter – holiday …etc) – after + time ( after two hours – after a week …etc)

(B) The uses to the future simple tense:

           It is used to describe an action which will happen in the future

                          e.g  :  The Islamic Bank will open a branch in our town next year.(open)

  (c) Formation (Rule/ Structure)                              

         1- Affirmative Form (positive):

            (a) I , we + shall + infinitive verb

                         e.g.: Tomorrow I shall fly to Paris after three weeks. (fly)

           (b) I, we, you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular + will + infinitive verb

                         e.g. : It is expected that the weather will be fine tomorrow. (be)

         2- Negative form :

          (a)   I , we + shall+ not (shan’t) + infinitive verb

                        e.g: We shall not go to London next holiday. (not/go)

          (b) I , we ,you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular , plural + will + not(Won^’t)  + infinitive verb

                        e.g:

                                1- According to the weather forecast, tomorrow will not be very cold. (not/be)

                                2- I Will not come late again. (come)

                                3- Interrogative form (Question):

                                          (a) Shall + I, we + infinitive………?

                       e.g :  Shall we enter university next year? (enter)

             (b) Will + l , we , you , they , plural , he , she , it , singular , plural + will + infinitive verb…?

                      e.g : Will he travel to London again? (travel)

Present simple

     (A) The uses of the present simple: 

                It is used to describe express :                          
     1- Habits:
         Examples:
                       1- We pray five times a day (pray)
                       2- She usually visits her grandfather every Friday.(visit)

     2- facts and permanent things :
         Examples:
                       1- The river Nile runs through the Sudan and Egypt. (run).
                       2- The sky is blue. (be).
                       3- One plus one equals two .(equal)
    3- Proverbs and wisdom:
         Examples:
                       1- All that glitters are not gold. (glitter)
                       2- There is no smoke without fire. (be)
                NOTE :  uncountable nouns :[ information - equipment -furniture - luggage - baggage]
        Example: 
                       1- The equipment of the factories is very expensive.(be)
                       2- The information we have is not enough. (be)
    (B)  Adverbs of frequency :

              Usually – sometime – always – often – generally – normally – repeatedly – occasionally – rarely – seldom – daily- scarcely – weekly – monthly – yearly – regularly – frequently – habitually – seasonally – every + time (day , night , week , month , Friday , October , holiday , season , winter………., ) – once +a+ time ( once a+ day ) – twice + a + time (twice a week) – three, five……..+a+ times (three times  a month , five time a day…..) 

   (c)  Formation (Rule/ structure) :

         (1) Affirmative form (positive) 

               (a) He , she , it , singular +V+s or (es)⇒(ch , sh , ss ,o ,x)

                      Vowel+ consonant + y ⇒(study) studies
            Examples: 
                       1- one of the men always asks for help (ask)

                       2- She waits for the bus station for half an hour every day. (wait)

            (b) I, we , you, they , plural + infinitive verb

            Examples:

                      1- English people raise their hats when greeting others. (raise)
                      2- We usually drink water every morning. (drink)

          (2) Negative form:

            (a) I, we , you , they , plural + don’t (do + not ) + infinitive verb

           Examples:

                    1- They don’t spend their holidays here. (not/ spend)
                    2- We usually don’t watch games. (not/watch)
           (b) He, she, it, singular + doesn’t (does +not) + infinitive verb

           Examples:

                   1- Ahmed doesn’t play football every day.(not/play)

                   2- Fatima doesn’t drink tea very often.(not/drink)

         (3) Interrogative form (question):

           Example: 
                  1- Do they revise their lessons every day?(revise)
                  2- Does Mona cook every day?(cook)
                  3- How often do you visit your relatives?(visit)
         (D) Verb' to be' :
                       The form of the verb' to be' as a main verb in the present simple tense:

Negative form 

Interrogative form 

      (E) Verb to have : (  have / has ) 
                         The form of the verb' to have' as a main verb the present simple tens:

Positive form 

Negative form 

Interrogative form 

He, she, it, singular + has + comp
Ahmed has a clever face.

He, she, it, singular, does not+ have + comp
- She doesn’t have a  time to do this .

Does + he, she, it, singular + have + comp?
-  Does Sami have a car?

I, we, you, they, plural + have + comp
-  They have a big house.

I, we, you, they, plural + do not + C
We don’t have much time.

Do + I, we, you, they, plural + comp?
-  Do they have tea every day?

       (F) Verb’ to do’:

                 The form of the verb’ to do’ as a main verb in the present simple tense:

Positive form 

Negative form 

Interrogative form 

He, she, it, singular + does + comp
-Tarig does his duty regularly.

He, she, it, singular + doesn’t + comp
Amal doesn’t do her duty regularly. 

Does + he, she, it, signaler + do + comp?
Does she do her homework regularly?

I, we, you, they, plural + do + comp
- I usually do my home work every day.

I, we, you, they, plural + don’t + comp
- I don’t do my home work daily.

Do + I, we, you, they, plural + comp?
- Do you do your duty regularly?

The past simple tense

        (A) the uses of the past simple tense :

                It used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past.

            Examples:
                      My friend went shopping a week age . (go )
                      My mother made very nice tea yesterday.(make)
        (B) Adverbs of time :

               Yesterday – time + ago  ( a week age – a month ago ) – in the past – last + time ( Monday – year – December – holiday ) – once – upon time – just now

        (C) Formation ( Rule / Structure )
             (1) Positive form :

                     ALL subject + past form of the verb

           Examples :
                     1- We watched a football match yesterday .(watch)
                     2- Ahmed visited his grandmother last Friday .( visit)

             (2) Negative form :

                      All subjects + did + not + infinitive verb

           Examples:

                    1-  I didn’t travel to Kassala last holiday.( not / travel)

                    2- Ali didn’t write his lessons last week .( not / write )

            (3) Interrogative form ( Question):

           Example:
                    1-  Did you eat fish a year ago ? (eat)
                    2-  Did Fatima clean the house last week ? (clean )

           (D) verb’ to be’:

                         The form of the verb’ to be’ as a main verb in the past simple tense:

           Example :

                     1- Last day I was in Bara but tomorrow I will be in Elobied. ( be)

                     2- When we were young ,our parents made us go early to school.(be)

                     3- A year ago people were very pleased . (be )

                     4- A hundred years ago, there was not electricity in Sudan (not / be )

                     5- Last century there were not many private schools in Sudan (not / be )

                     6- Were they busy December ?( be )

                     7- Was he lucky last competition ?( be )

The passive voice    

        1) The present simple tense:  

               O + am, is, are + p.p 

                      1- Gum Arabic is found in kordofan .(be/find)

                      2- TOYOTA  vehicles are manufactured by Japanese.(be/manufacture)

        2) The past simple Tense :

              O+ was . were + p.p

                     1- Some guava trees were planted  by Adam last season. (plant)

                     2- The book was interested to me yesterday.(interest)

       3) The present continuous Tense :

            O + am ,is , are + being + p.p

                    1- All over the world million of trees are being planted by people .(be/plant)

                    2- Anew factory is being setting by the company over there (set) 

       4) The past continuous Tense :

           O + was ,were + being +p.p

                    1- The game was being playing by the boys when the power went out.(play)

                    2- While the lesson were being revising by the students the bell rang .(revise) 

       5) The present perfect Tense :

          O+ has/have +been +p.p

                    1- The home work has just been done by Mona .(do)

                    2- The trees have already been planted by them.(plant)

      6) The past perfect Tense :

           O +had + been +p.p

                      e.g : The difficult question had been solved by the students before the teacher came .(solve)

      7) The future simple tense /modal verbs:

          O + will , shall ,can ,must ,may ,would .should ,could ,might +be + p.p

                     1- Anew branch will be opened . by bank next month. (open)

                     2- Ageing people must be looked  after by the youth .(look after) 

Trees For Life
 Summary no (1)

  In not more than(35) words summarize the advantages of trees / forests or the importance of trees / forests.
     Forests resources lead to the development and improvements in our life , they supply us with timber, firewood, fruit, nuts, gum Arabic, they are a source of fodder and medicine , create employment brings hard currency and protect the environment .

Trees For Fuel 

Summary no(2) 

  In not more than (25) explain the ways of saving trees,

     We save trees by using fuel-efficient stoves , planting trees which are used for fuel on unused land and replacing the trees we use.  

SUFFIXES

     Suffixes: are the letters which are added to the end of the words to form new words .

          1- Adjectives /Nouns end in(al)

          2- Adjectives  end in(ous)

         3- Nouns end in(ity or ty)

        4- Nouns end in(ment)

        5- Nouns end in(th)

        6- Adjectives end in(d or ed)

        7- Adjectives end in (ive or tive)

        8- Adjective and Nouns end in (y)

        9- Nouns end in (ation or tion )

      10- Nouns end in (ion)

       11- Nouns end in (dom)

      12- Nouns end in (ship)

       13- Adjectives end in ( ful )

Prefixes

   Prefixes   : the prefixes are the letters witch are added to the beginning of the words .

        1- im :not →opposite 

      2- ir :not →opposite

     3- un :not → opposite 

Out Lines
Chapter(1) Trees

            By the end of this chapter students should be able to:
-use the formations of The Future Simple Tense which is used to describe an action that will happen in the future.
-use the formations of The Present Simple Tense which is used to describe :habits, facts, permanent, proverbs and wisdom.
-use the formations of The Past Simple Tense which is used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past.
-form and use The Passive Voice.
-Read for understanding, know the importance or advantages of forests and trees and why do we should take care of them.
-Learn how to write summary.
-write summary about the importance /advantages of trees or forests.
-Know why is gum Arabic important to the Sudan.
-Know the ways of saving trees and summarize the ways of saving trees .
-form nouns and adjectives using suffixes (endings) such as: ation – tion-ion- ment – ity – th – y – ive – tive – al – d/ed – ous -.
-write composition using notes about the importance of trees .
– form or explore nouns and adjectives using the suffixes : dom- ship- ful-form or
form or explore words using the prefixes: im-ir-un.